WiFi smart smoke detector compatible with Google Home, Alexa and IFTTT

They are identical to diffuse-reflective photocells, their transmitter and receiver are located in a single device, thus minimizing installation time as it is not necessary to power a transmitter module and a receiver module separately. Another advantage of these types of photocells is that thanks to their reflector, fairly long sensing distances can be achieved; however, they do not reach the range that through-beam types can achieve.

Their operation is simple and you have surely seen them installed in elevators or parking garage doors.

The device emits a beam of light toward a reflector, this reflector bounces the light back toward the transmitter, which will be in charge of performing the action.

Unlike diffuse-reflective sensing cells, they are not guided by the color of the object, but by its degree of opacity. The module emits a beam of light toward a reflector, this reflector bounces the light and the receiver receives it again; if an object crosses between the reflector and the emitter, the light is cut off by the object and the receiver does not receive the light.

If, on the contrary, the object were transparent or translucent, it would let this light beam pass through and the photocell would not detect the object.

The same can happen with shiny or polished objects, as these can act as the reflector, emitting return light; this is why it is necessary to evaluate beforehand which type of photocell to install according to the case and object to be detected. To avoid this, there is a type of cell that has a polarized filter, which helps to attenuate this reflection and minimize potential detection errors.

Thanks to this type of polarized photocell, it is possible to detect almost transparent objects or shiny objects that may emit unwanted reflections.

One hertz is one cycle per second, meaning repeating cycle as an event. For example, hertz is applied physics measuring the number of times for a second wave (either acoustic or electromagnetic) is repeated or can be applied, among other uses, to ocean waves that reach the Beach vibrations per second or a solid. The quantity that measures the frequency hertz is called,in this regard, the inverse of the period. One hertz is an oscillation frequency of suffering a particle over a period of one second.

The Wifi technology is a wireless communication mechanism between devices. This technology allows you to connect devices such as computers, laptops, mobile etc... to the Internet or communicate with the devices themselves.

Applications can be several, among the most common are the access points, ideal for giving and sharing a connection signal to multiple devices. It is the typical configuration of a home user.
Repeater, ideal to repeat and amplify weak signal.

The power and range between devices basically depends on the antenna and its hardware.

The wireless signals work under a unified standard regulations, the standard that is based on the IEEE 802.11. These include IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n working at 11 Mbit/s, 54 Mbit/s and 300 Mbit/s, respectively.
Being any device with a standardized protocol such technology can connect to another using the same technology, making it a kind of universal connection.

The wireless networks are characterized by the ease and convenience of making connections in infrastructure, since it is not necessary to perform network cable installations.
it also allows connecting a lot of devices to a single node.

The photoelectric sensors are those sensors that act by closing or opening the circuit depending on the light intensity they receive.
The system consists of an emitter system in charge of emitting light and a receiver system, in charge of managing its function according to the light received.
We can find several types of photoelectric sensors although we can divide them into several more generic groups, barrier photocell (A), Self-reflective (B) and reflective with reflector (C).

This is one of the most economical models of detectors by photocell, but against is one of the least recommended in situations with high humidity or places with a lot of dust or dirt. The reception distance is also shortened as opposed to the barrier, so they do not have as much detection range. This factor is directly linked to the color of the object, since the light emitted must bounce on it, it will not haveThe same index of reflection an object of black color (that absorbs the light) to a white object (that bounces the light), therefore, objects of light colors will be better detected with a self-reflecting photocell.
This type of sensors unlike those of barrier, its emitter and receiver are in a single device. The emitter emits light on the object, when light reaches the object it bounces and is received by the receiver, qYou will be in charge of executing the action, like stopping a tape, adding a unit, triggering a mechanism, etc.
As it is a single device its installation is minimized, since it is only necessary to feed a point, unlike the barrier that are two points. They are ideal for installations where it is complicated or there is no space to place the receiving device.
This type of photocells can be divided into 3 groups,Standard or self-reflecting photocells, background suppression and autoreflective foreground photocells (FGS, Foreground suppression)

• Self-reflective or non-suppressed photocells (the standards) are those whose detection distance is affected by the color of the detected object. As a result of this small inconvenience,Have improved these sensors by creating two variants, with background suppression and foreground suppression.
• Self-reflective or suppressed photocells work in the same way as the previous ones, but also use several triangulations of the light to calculate the exact position in which the object is. Thanks to these triangulations the sensor is able to ignore any object that may be behind and pUeda interfere in the detection, in such a way that they are not so affected by lighter colors, shapes or brightness of the object.
• Self-reflective photocells with foreground suppression are those that work just like background suppression but focus on the background surface, adjusting the detection zone at that distance. Basically, what the sensor does is focus on the background and will detect any object thatIs placed on said background, for example, is the system used for the detection of objects on a conveyor belt or other surface.

Within the detection systems we can find different types according to their operation, among them the most common:

1. Infrared sensors
2. Vibration sensors.
3. Photoelectric sensors.
4. Ultrasound sensors.
5. Acoustic sensors

Each type of sensor uses different detection methods and each one is recommended according to the situation.

1. Sensors by infraRrojos, are one of the most used types, thanks to its reliable operation and installation, since we can find this type of wired and wireless sensors.
   The infrared sensor has a phototransistor capable of detecting the infrared electromagnetic radiation emitted by a body, this type of radiation is not visible by the human eye. A change of radiation in its perimeter will activate the relay and proceed to send ato alarm signal.
   Within these, there are two models, passive infrared sensor, which only has a phototransistor and assets, which have an emitter and a receiver.
2. Vibration sensors are used mostly in security systems, such as window sensors. car alarms etc.
   Its operation is based on an accelerometer, through a piezoelectric sensor. This type of sensorDue to its construction material it allows to detect changes and pressure when emitting an electric charge.
3. Photoelectric sensors, these are the sensors that use photoelectric rays, normally a transmitter and a receiver are used, they are commonly used in automatic door systems, elevator doors, production chains, etc.
4. The ultrasonic sensors are those that emit an acoustic signalabout 30 kHz, a signal that is not appreciated by humans. This signal or wave propagates through space, walls, objects, doors, etc. once the signal has spread the sensor is activated and any change will trigger the sensor.
   These types of sensors are also used in devices that require measuring distances and detecting objects.
5. Acoustic sensors, are those that can detect the signal emitted by anyobject and are able to detect the pressures that the acoustic waves emit, such as the noise of the crystals when breaking a window.

The word LED, which is the acronym for Light Emitting Diode, is a passive optoelectronic component characterized by its versatility, taking on many forms and being integrated into many optical elements, from screens to light bulbs and even photographic flashes.

One of its best features is its low energy consumption, as well as its longer lifespan, its durability that perfectly withstands almost any type of vibration, in addition to low heat emission.

In the diagram:

1. Anode
2. Cathode

1. Lens/epoxy encapsulation (plastic capsule).
2. Metal contact (conducting wire).
3. Reflective cavity (reflective cup).
4. Semiconductor termination.
5. Anvil.
6. Post.
7. Anvil and post assembly replacing the filament.
8. Flat edge.

The barrier sensor is possibly one of the most used sensors due to its simplicity of use, easy installation and reliable operation.
Its operation is simple, the transmitter is placed in line with the receiver being one in front of the other. Thanks to this distribution external aspects such as dirt, dust, humidity affect to a lesser extent its operation.
This type of barrier sensors have a range ofAnd much greater detection to the rest, it is possible to say that being an emitter and a receiver this type of sensors are not able to detect color in objects as other sensors can make and it is necessary to take into account that these sensors emit a light that is captured By the emitter, if when crossing the barrier we do with a transparent or translucent object will not be activated, as the beam of light will get through the object, therefore alone andS valid for objects with a high degree of opacity.
These types of sensors are widely used in security and automation systems, for example opening or closing a barrier or door, activating an alarm, etc.
When faced with, the emitter emits a beam of light to the receiver, if the receiver is receiving the light beam it will be in standby mode to act. When an object passes between the sender and the receiver, cutting the view directlyAnd leaving the receiver without receiving the light this will activate the function for which it is programmed, for example in a security door, the door remains closed while the light beam is received by the receiver, if a person passes between the two transmitters The beam and light will be interrupted by the body of the person, so that the sensor will act by opening the door.