hen we talk about IP code (International Protection) we talk about an international standard (IEC 60529) which classifies the protection against external factors, solid or liquid, that has a component or electronic device; LED strips, controllers, meters, security cameras, etc.

This alpha-numerically standard has been designed to sort different levels of protection. Nomenclature starts with IP followed by two numeric values.

- Example IP68:

The first value ranges from 0 to 6 and indicates the protection against solid agents. In this case, strong protection against dust.

The second value is between 0 and 8 and indicates the protection against liquid agents. In this case the complete and prolonged immersion during the time specified by the manufacturer.

We could say that the larger the number is greater IP protection has a device.

In below table, we can see different IP protections levels available.

IPXX	First digit (IPxx)	Second digit (IPxx)
0	Unprotected.	Unprotected.
1	Protection against objects of> 50 mm diameter.	Protection against vertically dripping water.
2	Protection against objects of> 12.5 mm diameter.	Protection against inclined drip water up to 15°.
3	Protection against objects of> 2 mm in diameter.	Protection against water projected from any direction, up to 60°.
4	Protection against objects of> 1 mm in diameter.	Protection against splashing water any direction.
5	Ingress of dust is not entirely revented, but it must not enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with the satisfactory operation of the equipment .	Protection against water jets.
6	Dust tight.	Protection against strong jets of water.
7		Protection against complete immersion up to 1 meter for 30 minutes.
8		Protection against complete and prolonged immersion.

When we talk about RJ45 ("Registered Jack" 45) we refer to a telecommunications network interface for wired connection of voice and data equipment.

This connector has 8 pins or connections and may have a specific category depending on the data transfer speed and bandwidth (category 5e, 6, etc.)

The common application is their use in Ethernet network cables under TIA/EIA-568-B standard that defines the arrangement of pins (pinout), but can also be used for other applications.

- Direct pin diagram:

EIA-568A
Pin No.1: WHITE-GREEN
Pin No.2: GREEN
Pin No.3: WHITE-ORANGE
Pin No.4: BLUE
Pin No.5: WHITE-BLUE
Pin No.6: ORANGE
Pin No.7: WHITE-BROWN
Pin No.8: BROWN

EIA-568B
Pin No.1: WHITE-ORANGE
Pin No.2: ORANGE
Pin No.3: WHITE-GREEN
Pin No.4: BLUE
Pin No.5: WHITE-BLUE
Pin No.6: GREEN
Pin No.7: WHITE-BROWN
Pin No.8: BROWN

- Schematic of crossed pins:

The crossover cable has one end with EIA-568A scheme and the other one with EIA-568B.

The Wifi technology is a wireless communication mechanism between devices. This technology allows you to connect devices such as computers, laptops, mobile etc... to the Internet or communicate with the devices themselves.

Applications can be several, among the most common are the access points, ideal for giving and sharing a connection signal to multiple devices. It is the typical configuration of a home user.
Repeater, ideal to repeat and amplify weak signal.

The power and range between devices basically depends on the antenna and its hardware.

The wireless signals work under a unified standard regulations, the standard that is based on the IEEE 802.11. These include IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n working at 11 Mbit/s, 54 Mbit/s and 300 Mbit/s, respectively.
Being any device with a standardized protocol such technology can connect to another using the same technology, making it a kind of universal connection.

The wireless networks are characterized by the ease and convenience of making connections in infrastructure, since it is not necessary to perform network cable installations.
it also allows connecting a lot of devices to a single node.

Depending on the quality and type, network cables are classified into categories that help us know the characteristics of them.

The categories of network cables most commonly used are:

- Category 5
- Category 5e
- Category 6
- Category 6
- Category 7

As can be seen, category 5e (enhanced or improved) and category 6A (Augmented), are an improvement of categories 5and 6, respectively, which it has improved the top speed and bandwidth.

The higher the category, the higher the speed of maximum data, the maximum 100 meters distance as its standard.

You can see a table which shows the 5 categories, where V is the maximum velocity, D is the maximum and MHz frequency which can work away.