VGA
The term VGA (Video Graphics Array or Video Graphics Adapter) is a graphics display system for PCs developed by IBM. VGA has become one of the standards for the PC image. In text mode, VGA provides a resolution of 720 by 400 pixels. In graphics mode, the resolution is either 640 by 480 (with 16 colors) or 320 by 200 (with 256 colors). The color palette is 262,144.Unlike earlier graphic standards for PCs - MDA, CGA, EGA and VGA - uses analog signals rather than digital signals. Since its introduction in 1987, several other standards have been developed that offer greater resolution and more colors (SVGA, XGA ...), but VGA remains the denominator used. All personal computers manufactured today still have support VGA, and possibly some other more advanced connection.
MicroUSB
or horizontal. The micro USB with five pins, which pins identification (ID) Micro AB USB connectors special work. AB connectors with pin ID can allow the device to function as a connector A or B to standard USB technology. This gives the new smart phones and other devices the option to act as either a single storage device or as provi
HDMI
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a digital interface standard designed for the simultaneous transmission of uncompressed audio and video streams from a compatible source to a digital display or receiver.
This interface employs Transition-Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS) to maintain data integrity at high frequencies. Throughout its revisions, HDMI has evolved from a basic digital video solution into a complex data bus capable of carrying 4K signals at 60Hz, dynamic metadata, and bidirectional control protocols between devices.
| Version | Bandwidth | Audio/Video Support |
|---|
| 1.0 - 1.2 | 4.9 Gbit/s | 1080p @ 60Hz, 8 LPCM channels |
| 1.3 - 1.4 | 10.2 Gbit/s | 4K @ 30Hz, Deep Color, ARC, Ethernet |
| 2.0 | 18.0 Gbit/s | 4K @ 60Hz, 32 audio channels, HDR |
The mass adoption of the HDMI standard has transformed the interconnect architecture in multimedia data centers and high-performance workstations. Its ability to integrate Audio Return Channels (ARC/eARC) and Ethernet connectivity (HEC) has drastically simplified structural cabling, eliminating the need for multiple redundant analog and digital cables while ensuring signal integrity over significant distances through active equalization.
CEC Control and Multi-Streaming Integration
A critical innovation in version 2.0 is the ability to deliver simultaneous dual video streams on the same screen and up to four independent audio streams, optimizing bandwidth for multi-user applications.
Key Advantages
- Pure digital transmission avoiding D/A signal degradation.
- Full backward compatibility across all standard versions.
- Native support for high-resolution audio formats like Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD.
- Support for 21:9 cinema aspect ratios and dynamic lip-sync.
Note: Final interface performance is dependent on the cable certification (Standard, High Speed, or Premium High Speed).
![]()
USB
The USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard that defines the cables, connectors and used a bus to connect, communicate, computers, peripherals and electronic devices protocols Transmission Rates Low speed (USB 1.0). Transfer rate up to 1.5 Mbit/s (188 kB/s) used in keyboard, mouse ... transfer rate up to 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MB/s) High Speed ??(USB 2.0): Rate transferencia up to 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) SuperSpeed ??(USB 3.0) transfer rate up to 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s) Connector Types 1 - USB type A (4 pin) 2. - USB type B (4 pin) 3 - Mini A (5-pin) 4 - Mini B (5-pin) 5 - Micro A (5-pin) 6 - Micro B (5-pin)
1080p
1080p, also known as Full HD, refers to a video resolution of 1920x1080 pixels using progressive scanning.
| Feature | Specification |
|---|
| Resolution | 1920 x 1080 |
Detail
The 'p' stands for progressive scan, which eliminates the flickering often associated with interlaced video (1080i).
Advantages
- Superior image clarity for mainstream displays.
- Widely supported by all streaming platforms.
Note: 1080p remains the industry standard for high-definition quality.
Matrix
Arrays in electronics and information are designed to allow the distribution of various sources to as many devices separately or all at once. Each entry could reach up individually. All entries are usually stored to prevent crosstalk. In the picture we showed you an example of how it could be a 3x3 matrix.
VDC
VDC would be the abbreviation for Volt Direct Current which translated would volts direct current. The idea of ??this type is unidirectional current to the load. Direct current is normally produced by batteries, thermocouples, solar cells and a dynamo electric machine type. The direct current can flow in conductors such as wires, but may also flow through semiconductors, insulators ... In the image: 1 - current per pulse 2 - Direct Current (DC) 3 - Alternating Current (AC) 4 - Variable Current
Reversible USB Type-C
USB-C reversible USB version called USB cables USB Type C Type C or USB reversible. The important thing is this type of USB is that it has top and bottom. So you may save the blows that are given involuntarily to connect the connector upside down. It is also characterized in that when connected will make an audible "click". The USB-C or reversible USB cables can reach 10 Gbps and support USB 3.0, 3.1Use is estimated up to 10,000 applications and has some measures 8.4mm x 2.6mm is also compatible with USB 3.1 and USB indicate creators
Minijack 3.5
The minijack 3.5mm is a popular connector used primarily for headphones although its functionality is much more varied.
It consists of a maximum of three connecting parts being the largest so-called mass or negative polarity and two of smaller size and located farther end of the connector, called living or positive that correspond to each channel, such three-part plug can transmit signals in two different channels, also known as stereo signals. It also exists in a mono minijack but version composed of only two parts, a body and a living or positive.
Mini USB
The mini USB connectors are smaller than their standard counterparts and have USB fifth pin. The fifth pin is known as the pin ID and is typically not used in mini USB connectors. It was designed to allow later improved USB technology. The mini USB connectors have a cycle life of at least 5000 connections and disconnections, which accommodates the mobile nature of the devices that are designed to interact. The standard USB connectors are generally used with devices that are stationary and not disconnected often.
Communication Series
RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232, also known as EIA/TIA RS-232C) is an interface that designates a standard for the exchange of a series of binary data between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Communication Equipment , Data Communication Equipment), although there are others in which the RS-232 interface is also used. An equivalent definition published by the ITU is called V.24. The RS-232 is a connectorDB-25 type (25-pin), although it is normal to find the version of 9-pin (DE-9, or popularly also called DB-9), cheaper and even extended to certain types of peripherals (such as serial mouse PC).
USB 3.0
USB 3.0 is the second major revision of the standard Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectivity for computing. USB 3.0 has transmission speeds of up to 5 Gbit/s, which is 10 times faster than USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/s). Connector Types 1 - USB type A plug 2 - 3 USB type A female - USB type B 4 - Micro USB B
RS232
The RS232 connector is a connector type 9-pin connector is popularly called Series. It is a connector that was once widely used by various components of the PC, such as a mouse, keyboard ... but over time it has fallen into disuse and replaced by the USB connector trying to emulate the latest version number. It is currently used by robots, elevators, POS and industrial machinery.
Jack connector
We can find 3 types of jack connector, monaural TS connector (tip-sleeve), TRS (tip-ring-sleeve) and TRRS stereo plug (tip-ring-ring-sleeve) which is used in most mobile devices, tablets, MP3 etc ...
We can difference these 3 types of connectors according to their diameter:
1. 6.35 mm jack connector or TS.
2. 3.5mm minijack connector or TRS, is the most common, usually used in headphone's output of portable devices.
3. 2.5mm jack connector or TRRS.
It consists of a maximum of three connecting parts being called the largest mass or negative polarity and two smaller size located more towards the end of the connector,
The called positive that correspond to each channel, such three-part plug can transmit signals in two separate channels, also known as stereo signals. There's a mono version, consisting of only two parts, a negative and a positive.
A. Protector
B. Stem
C. Ring
D. Tip
E. Kindred
F. Ring (Signal Right)
G. Tip (Signal Left)
RCA
The RCA (Radio Corporation of America) connector is a connector used to send video signals or audio.
This is a circular two-contact connector; signal and ground, used with coaxial cables. Each signal uses a single cable and to differentiate color coded RCA connector on the set.
(1) Analog Audio:
Audio Left (White)
Audio Right (Red)
(2) Videoanalogical:
Video (Yellow)
(3) Composite Video:
Audio Left (White)
Audio Right (Red)
Video (Yellow)
(4) Video Component (YPbPr):
Y (Green)
Pb (Blue)
Pr (Red)
(5) Video components (RGB):
R (Red)
G (Green)
B (Blue)
(6) Digital Audio:
S/PDIF (Orange/Gold)
CVBS
CVBS is an analog video signal format that carries standard definition video over a single channel by combining brightness, color, and sync information.
| Connector | RCA (Yellow), BNC |
|---|
Technical Detail
It integrates Luma (Y), Chroma (C), and Sync pulses into one single carrier frequency for transmission over coaxial cables.
Advantages
Universal compatibility and simple cabling requirements for basic video monitoring.
Note: Being phased out by digital standards like HDMI.